Optical detection of oil on water

Three radiometric techniques utilizing sunlight reflected and backscattered from water bodies have potential application for remote sensing of oil spills. Oil on water can be detected by viewing perpendicular polarization component of reflected light or difference between polarization components. Best detection is performed in ultraviolet or far-red portions of spectrum and in azimuth directions toward or opposite sun

Assessment of water pollution by airborne measurement of chlorophyll

Remote measurement of chlorophyll concentrations to determine extent of water pollution is discussed. Construction and operation of radiometer to provide measurement capability are explained. Diagram of equipment is provided

Space station thermal control surfaces. Volume 1: Interim report

The U.S. space program goals for long-duration manned missions place particular demands on thermal-control systems. The objective of this program is to develop plans which are based on the present thermal-control technology, and which will keep pace with the other space program elements. The program tasks are as follows: (1) requirements analysis, with the objectives to define the thermal-control-surface requirements for both space station and 25 kW power module, to analyze the missions, and to determine the thermal-control-surface technology needed to satisfy both sets of requirements; (2) technology assessment, with the objectives to perform a literature/industry survey on thermal-control surfaces, to compare current technology with the requirements developed in the first task, and to determine what technology advancements are required for both the space station and the 25 kW power module; and (3) program planning that defines new initiative and/or program augmentation for development and testing areas required to provide the proper environment control for the space station and the 25 kW power module

Semantic Modeling for Group Formation

Group formation has always been a subject of interest in collaborative learning research. As it is concerned with assigning learners to the groups that maximize their benefits, computer-supported group formation can be viewed in this context as an active personalization for the individual as an entity within the group. While applying this personalization to all students in the class can cause conflicts due to the differences of needs and interests between the individuals, negotiating the allocations to groups to reach consensus can be a very challenging task. The automated process of grouping students while preserving the individual’s personalization needs to be supported by an appropriate learner model. In this paper, we propose a semantic learner model based on the Friend of Friend (FOAF) ontology, a vocabulary for mapping social networks. We discuss the model as we analyse the different types of groups and the learners’ features that need to be modeled for each of these types

Deducing Function Through Localization: PCV1 VP3 The Problem Child

The Circoviridae family of viruses have several members that encode proteins observed to induce apoptosis in human cells with specificity towards cancer cells. One unique example, PCV1-VP3, has significant morphological and functional differences, possessing an additional tail domain and localizing in the cytoplasm rather than the nucleus of transformed cells. To gain insight into possible mechanisms of action, compartmentalization of PCV1-VP3 was investigated using differential detergent fractionation and fluorescent microscopy

Analysis of the Characteristics, Training, and In-Service Status of 130 Negro School Principals Who Graduated from Prairie View Agricultural and Mechanical College

The purpose of this study is to formulate some generalization about 130 Prairie View graduates who are now employed as public school principals; to compare the salaries of these principals, their years in the teaching profession, their length of service in the school district in which they work, the hours they devote to administration, and the number of teachers they supervise to that of the Negro principals in the state as a whole; and to correlate their training in professional education courses with other important areas of their work in the field of education. This study is concerned with 130 full time and part time principals who graduated from Prairie View, whose names and places of employment are listed in the Public School Directory, Texas Education Agency Bulletin Number 525, 1951-1952.1 The same principals are listed on the Unpublished Personnel Roster of the Texas Education Agency for 1952, which lists 165 full-time principals and 607 part-time principals in the Negro schools of the state.2 In view of the work which the Negro principal must do and the type of professional leadership expected of him, this study seeks to point out those characteristics which the 130 principals studied exhibit; to compare the status factors of these 130 principals with those of principals in the state as a whole; and to ascertain the relationship of the 130 principals\u27 individual grade point scores in professional education courses studied at Prairie View to the salary the principal earns, his years in the profession, his years in his present school district, the hours he devotes to administration, and the number of teachers in his school. 1Public School Directory, Texas Education Agency Bulletin, No. 525, Austin, Texas, 1951-52. 2Unpublished Personnel Roster, Texas Education Agency, 1952

Development and test of video systems for airborne surveillance of oil spills

Five video systems - potentially useful for airborne surveillance of oil spills - were developed, flight tested, and evaluated. The systems are: (1) conventional black and white TV, (2) conventional TV with false color, (3) differential TV, (4) prototype Lunar Surface TV, and (5) field sequential TV. Wavelength and polarization filtering were utilized in all systems. Greatly enhanced detection of oil spills, relative to that possible with the unaided eye, was achieved. The most practical video system is a conventional TV camera with silicon-diode-array image tube, filtered with a Corning 7-54 filter and a polarizer oriented with its principal axis in the horizontal direction. Best contrast between oil and water was achieved when winds and sea states were low. The minimum detectable oil film thickness was about 0.1 micrometer

Infrared-temperature variability in a large agricultural field

The combined effect of water carved gullies, varying soil color, moisture state of the soil and crop, nonuniform phenology, and bare spots was measured for commercially grown barley planted on varying terrain. For all but the most rugged terrain, over 80% of the area within 4, 16, 65, and 259 ha cells was at temperatures within 3 C of the mean cell temperature. The result of using relatively small, 4 ha instantaneous field of views for remote sensing applications is that either the worst or the best of conditions is often observed. There appears to be no great advantage in utilizing a small instantaneous field of view instead of a large one for remote sensing of crop canopy temperatures. The two alternatives for design purposes are then either a very high spatial resolution, of the order of a meter or so, where the field is very accurately temperature mapped, or a low resolution, where the actual size seems to make little difference

Thinking in, with, across, and beyond cases with John Forrester

We consider the influence that John Forrester’s work has had on thinking in, with, and from cases in multiple disciplines. Forrester’s essay ‘If p, Then What? Thinking in Cases’ was published in History of the Human Sciences in 1996 and transformed understandings of what a case was, and how case-based thinking worked in numerous human sciences (including, centrally, psychoanalysis). Forrester’s collection of essays Thinking in Cases was published posthumously, after his untimely death in 2015, and is the inspiration for the special issue we introduce. This comprises new research from authors working in and across the history of science and medicine, gender and sexuality studies, philosophy of science, semiotics, film studies, literary studies and comparative literature, psychoanalytic studies, medical humanities, and sociology. This research addresses what it means to reason in cases in particular temporal, spatial, or genre-focused contexts; introduces new figures (e.g. Eugène Azam, C. S. Peirce, Michael Balint) into lineages of case-based reasoning; emphasizes the unfinished and unfinishable character of some case reading and autobiographical accounts; and shows the frequency with which certain kinds of reasoning attempted with cases fail (often in instructive ways). The special issue opens up new directions for thinking and working with cases and case-based reasoning in the humanities and human sciences